Sexual health is an essential part of overall well-being and it comes with important responsibilities. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or infections (STIs) are a real concern for both adults and teens, but knowing the facts and taking precautions can make a huge difference. Let’s dive into what you need to know about STDs and how to keep yourself healthy.
What are STDs and How Do They Spread?
STDs are infections passed from one person to another during sexual contact. This includes vaginal, oral, and anal sex. [vii] These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, and they live in different parts of the body – often in bodily fluids like semen, blood, or vaginal fluids. [v]
Some STDs, like herpes and HPV, can even be spread by simple skin-to-skin contact with an infected area. STDs can also be transmitted through non-sexual blood-to-blood contact, like sharing needles. [iv]
Why STDs Matter: A Sobering Reality
STDs are far more common than many realize. Shockingly, over 1 million new STD cases are reported globally every day. [vi] In the United States alone, roughly one in four sexually active teenagers has an STI. [iv] These numbers aren’t just statistics; they represent real people facing serious health consequences.
What Happens if I Get an STD?
When symptoms occur, they can range from mild discomfort to severe complications. Common initial symptoms include:
● Painful urination
● Sores, bumps, or rashes
● Unusual discharge
● Itching in the genital area
● Unexplained bleeding
● Swollen or painful testicles
● Fever
● Fatigue [iv]
STDs Often Hide
One of the most concerning aspects of STDs is that many infections don’t show symptoms initially. This means you or your partner could have an STI and be completely unaware, unknowingly spreading it to others. [ii] This silent nature underscores the importance of regular testing, even if you feel fine. [v]
Curable vs. Incurable STDs
Not all STDs are the same. Some, like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis, are curable with antibiotics. Others, like HIV, herpes, hepatitis B, and HPV, are viral and cannot be cured but can be managed with medication for a long and healthy life. [ii]
Consequences of Untreated STDs
All STDs can have serious health consequences if left untreated, including:
● Infertility
● Chronic pain
● Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
● Cancer
● Pregnancy complications
● Increased risk of other infections
● Memory loss
● Vision and Hearing changes (4.)
Seeking Medical Help: Don’t Delay
If you suspect you have an STD or have been exposed to one, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of complications and prevent further transmission. You can visit your doctor, a local health clinic, or a specialized sexual health clinic for testing and treatment.
Remember:
● Confidentiality is key: Healthcare providers are bound by strict privacy laws, so your information will be kept confidential.
● Don’t be afraid to ask questions: Your healthcare provider is there to answer your questions and address any concerns you may have.
● Treatment options vary: Depending on the specific STD, treatment may involve antibiotics, antiviral medications, or other therapies. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. [v]
The Emotional Toll of STDs
STDs aren’t just a physical issue. They can also affect your mental health. It’s normal to feel guilt, anxiety, embarrassment, or even fear of rejection. Remember, you’re not alone, and seeking support from friends, family, or professionals is crucial. [ii]
Protect Yourself: Prevention is Key
The most effective way to prevent STDs is to abstain from sexual activity or be in a mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is not infected.
Protecting yourself is all about being informed and proactive. Here’s what you can do:
- Abstinence: The only 100% effective way to prevent STDs is to abstain from all sexual activity. [i]
- Condoms: If you’re not abstaining or in a monogamous relationship, use condoms EVERY time. They aren’t perfect, but they significantly reduce the risk of most STDs. Remember, other forms of birth control like pills or IUDs don’t protect against STDs. [i]
- Get Tested Regularly: Regular testing is essential, especially if you have multiple partners or engage in unprotected sex. Don’t assume you’re safe just because you don’t have symptoms. Talk to your doctor or visit a health clinic to get tested for STDs. It’s quick, confidential, and could save you a lot of trouble down the road. Many STDs can be treated effectively if caught early. [ii]
- Open Communication: Talk openly with your partner(s) about STDs and testing. Honest communication is crucial for protecting yourself and others. [v]
- Vaccination: Vaccines are available for HPV and Hepatitis B, two common STDs. (4.)
Tip: Limit Your Partners: Having fewer sexual partners can exponentially reduce your risk of
exposure. [iii]
Don’t Underestimate Your Risk
Many people, including teens, underestimate their risk of getting an STD, thinking “it won’t happen to me.” The truth is, anyone who is sexually active can be at risk. [v]
What if Your Partner Has an STD?
If your partner discloses having an STD, it’s important to remain calm and supportive. Here’s what you should do:
- Get Tested: Schedule an appointment to get tested for the specific STD your partner has. [ii]
- Seek Treatment: If you test positive, follow your healthcare provider’s recommended treatment plan.
- Talk Openly: Have an honest conversation with your partner about their diagnosis, treatment, and how you can protect yourselves moving forward. [v]
- Practice Safe Sex: Until you and your partner have completed treatment and been cleared by a healthcare professional, abstain from sex or use condoms every time.
- Notify Other Partners: If you’ve had other recent partners, it’s crucial to inform them so they can get tested as well. [v]
Remember: An STD diagnosis is not the end of the world. With open communication, proper treatment, and safe practices, you and your partner can continue to have a healthy and fulfilling sex life.
Sexual Health Recap:
● Talk openly: Communication is key! Discuss sexual health with your partner(s) openly and honestly. [v]
● Take control: It’s your body and your health. Make choices that prioritize your well-being.
● Seek help: If you think you have an STD or have questions, don’t hesitate to talk to a doctor or healthcare provider.
Your sexual health is important! Don’t be afraid to ask questions, seek advice from a trusted adult or healthcare provider, and get tested regularly. Be proactive about your sexual health – your future self will thank you!
Brooklyn English is a pickleball-playing, ukulele-strumming enthusiast with a love for ballroom dance. As she plans to pursue a PhD in clinical psychology to become a psychotherapist, she is also a devoted mom to her 5-month-old daughter and happily married to the love of her life. Brooklyn uses her English degree to share research in an engaging way, all while cherishing the journey of growth in her marriage and parenthood.
Sources:
[i] Goldberg, M. S. (1993). Choosing a contraceptive. FDA Consumer, 27(7), 18. [ii] Ikokwu, G. M., Oseghale, I. D., Ralph-Okhiria, O. H., & Ighile, E. F. (2023). Protecting your health: A comprehensive review of sexually transmitted illnesses. International STD Research & Reviews, 12(1), 25-45. https://doi.org/10.9734/ISRR/2023/v12i1154 [iii] Lane, C. (2016). Sexual health concerns and American teens. NASN School Nurse, 31(4), 228-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X16638740 [iv] Narváez-Jaramillo, M. E., Jumbo-Jumbo, Y. S., & Martínez, N. M. (2021). Factores de riesgo de las infecciones de transmisión sexual en estudiantes universitarios. Salud y Vida, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.35381/s.v.v5i1.1553 [v] Nsuami, M. J., & Taylor, S. N. (2009). Participation in school-wide screening for STDs and perception of STD risk. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 36(1), 4-8. [vi] Rompalo A. (2011). Preventing sexually transmitted infections: back to basics. The Journal of clinical investigation, 121(12), 4580–4583. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI61592 [vii] What Diseases Can You Get from Restrooms and Sitting on a Toilet? (2023, July 10). MedicineNet.https://www.medicinenet.com/diseases_get_from_restrooms_and_sitting_on_toilet/articl e.htm